• Introduction
  • In This Guide
  • Audience
  • Conventions
    • Query Languages
    • System-specific Text
    • Embedded QUEL Examples
• Introduction to QUEL
  • Interactive QUEL
  • Embedded QUEL
• QUEL Data Types
  • Object Names
  • Access to Objects Created Through SQL
  • Comment Delimiters
  • Data Types
    • Character Data Types
      • Char Data Type
      • C Data Type
      • Varchar Data Type
      • Text Data Type
    • Numeric Data Types
      • Integer Data Types
      • Floating Point Data Types
    • Abstract Data Types
      • Date Data Type
      • Absolute Date Input Formats
      • Absolute Time Input Formats
      • Combined Date and Time Input
      • Date Interval Formats
      • Time Interval Formats
      • Date and Time Display Formats
      • Money Data Type
      • IP Network Address Data Types
      • Universal Unique Identifier (UUID)
    • Binary Data Types
      • Byte Data Type
      • Byte Varying Data Type
    • Storage Formats of Data Types
  • Literals
    • String Literals
    • Numeric Literals
      • Integer Literals
      • Floating Point Literals
  • QUEL Constants
  • Nulls
    • Nulls and Comparisons
    • Nulls and Aggregate Functions
    • Nulls and Integrity Constraints
• Elements of QUEL Statements
  • Operators
    • Arithmetic
    • Comparison
    • Logical
  • Operations
    • String Concatenation
    • Assignment
      • Character String
      • Numeric
      • Date
      • Null
    • Arithmetic
      • Default Type Conversion
      • Arithmetic Errors
      • Arithmetic Operations on Dates
  • Functions
    • Scalar
      • Data Type Conversion Functions
      • Numeric
      • String
      • Date
    • Aggregate
      • Aggregate Functions Using the Where and By Clauses
    • Ifnull
  • Qualifications
    • Comparison Operators
    • Partial Match Specification
    • Is Null Comparison
    • Clauses
    • Logical Operators
    • General Qualification
• Embedded QUEL
  • Conventions Used in This Chapter
  • General Syntax of EQUEL Statements
  • Basic Structure of EQUEL Programs
  • Host Language Variables
    • Variable Declaration
    • Dereferencing Column Names
    • Scope of Variables
    • Include Statement--Include External Files
    • Indicator Variables
      • Retrieving Data Using Null Indicators
      • Setting Values Using Null Indicators
      • Detecting String Truncation Using Indicator Variables
    • Variable Usage and Dynamic Operation of EQUEL Statements
    • Param Statements
  • Data Manipulation with Cursors
    • Example of Cursor Processing
    • Declaring a Cursor
    • How You Open and Close Cursors
    • Open Cursors and Transaction Processing
    • Retrieving the Data
    • Fetching Rows Inserted by Other Queries
    • Using Cursors to Update Data
    • Using Cursors to Delete Data
    • Summary of Cursor Positioning
    • Dynamically Specified Cursor Names
    • Cursors and Retrieve Loops Compared
  • Transactions
    • Transaction Statements
    • Defining Transactions
    • Committing Transactions
    • Aborting Transactions
    • Savepoints and Partial Transaction Aborts
    • Interrupt and Timeout Handling in Transactions
    • Deadlock: Detection, Avoidance, and Handling
  • Program Status Information
    • The Inquire_ingres Statement
    • The Dbmsinfo() Function
  • Runtime Error Processing
  • Retrieve Statement
    • Using the Retrieve Statement Without a Loop
    • How the Sort Clause Works
    • Other Data Manipulation Statements
  • Repeat Queries
• QUEL and EQUEL Statements
  • QUEL Release
  • Statement Context
  • Ingres Forms Statements
  • ABORT--Undo an MQT
    • Embedded Usage
    • ABORT Examples
  • APPEND--Add a Table Row
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • APPEND Examples
  • BEGIN TRANSACTION--Begin an MQT
    • BEGIN TRANSACTION Example
  • CALL--Call an Ingres Tool or the Operating System
    • Embedded Usage
    • CALL Examples
  • CLOSE CURSOR--Close an Open Cursor
    • Embedded Usage
    • CLOSE CURSOR Example
  • COPY--Copy Data
    • COPY Parameters
      • Unformatted Copying
      • Formatted Copying
      • Bulk Copying
      • Data File Format and Table Format
    • Column Formats for COPY
      • Character (Text) Formats
      • Counted Character Formats
      • Dummy Format
      • Binary Formats
      • COPY Format Details
      • Delimiters in the Data File
      • With Null Clause for COPY
    • Filename Specification
    • Windows File Types for COPY
    • WITH Clause for COPY
    • Permissions
    • Locking
    • Restrictions and Considerations
    • COPY Examples
  • CREATE--Create a Table
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • CREATE Examples
  • DECLARE CURSOR--Declare a Cursor
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • DECLARE CURSOR Examples
  • DEFINE INTEGRITY--Define Integrity Constraints
    • Embedded Usage
    • DEFINE INTEGRITY Examples
  • DEFINE PERMIT--Add Table Permissions
    • DEFINE PERMIT Example
  • DEFINE VIEW--Define Virtual Tables
    • Considerations
    • DEFINE VIEW Example
  • DELETE--Delete Rows
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • DELETE Examples
  • DELETE CURSOR--Delete Cursor Row
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • DELETE CURSOR Example
  • DESTROY--Destroy Tables, Views, Permissions, Integrities
    • Embedded Usage
    • DESTROY Examples
  • ENDRETRIEVE--Terminate a Retrieve Loop
    • ENDRETRIEVE Example
  • END TRANSACTION--Terminate an MQT
    • Considerations
    • END TRANSACTION Example
  • EXIT--Terminate Database Access
    • Considerations
  • HELP--Display Help
    • Wildcards and Help
    • Permissions
    • HELP Examples
  • INCLUDE--Include an External File
    • INCLUDE Examples
  • INDEX--Index a Table
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • INDEX Examples
  • INGRES--Connect to a Database
    • Embedded Usage
    • INGRES Example
  • INQUIRE_INGRES--Get Diagnostic Information
    • INQUIRE_INGRES Example
  • MODIFY--Change Table or Index Properties
    • Storage Structure Specification
    • Modify...to Merge Option
    • Modify...to Relocate Option
    • Modify...to Reorganize Option
    • Modify...to Truncated Option
    • Modify...to Add_extend Option
    • With Clause Options
    • Embedded Usage
    • Permissions
    • Locking
    • MODIFY Examples
  • OPEN CURSOR--Open a Cursor
    • Embedded Usage
  • PRINT--Print Tables
    • PRINT Examples
  • RANGE--Associate Range Variables with Tables
    • Considerations
    • RANGE Examples
  • RELOCATE--Relocate Tables
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • RELOCATE Example
  • REPLACE--Replace Column Values
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • REPLACE Examples
  • REPLACE CURSOR--Update Column Values in a Table Row
    • Embedded Usage
    • REPLACE CURSOR Example
  • RETRIEVE--Retrieve Table Rows
    • Retrievals in Embedded QUEL
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • RETRIEVE Examples
  • RETRIEVE CURSOR--Retrieve Data into Host Variables
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • RETRIEVE CURSOR Examples
  • SAVE--Save Table Until Date
    • Embedded Usage
    • Considerations
    • SAVE Examples
  • SAVEPOINT--Declare Marker in an MQT
    • SAVEPOINT Example
  • SET--Set Session Options
    • Set Aggregate [no]project Option
    • Set Joinop [no]timeout Option
    • Set [no]journaling Option
    • Set Lockmode Option
    • Set [no]printqry Option
    • Set [no]qep Option
    • Set ret_into Option
    • Set [no]logging Option
    • Set [no]optimizeonly Option
    • Set [no]maxio Option
    • Set [no]maxrow Option
    • Set [no]maxquery Option
    • Session with on_error Option
    • Update_rowcount Option
    • SET Examples
  • SET_INGRES--Enable or Disable Runtime Attributes
• D. Keywords
  • Reserved Keywords and Identifiers
  • Abbreviations Used in Keyword Lists
  • Reserved Single Word Keywords
  • Reserved Multi Word Keywords
  • Partition Keywords
  • ANSI/ISO SQL Keywords
• E. Terminal Monitor
  • Accessing the Terminal Monitor
  • Query Buffer
  • Terminal Monitor Commands
  • Messages and Prompts
  • Character Input and Output
  • Help
  • Branching
  • Terminal Monitor Macros
    • Basic Concepts
    • Defining Macros
    • Macro Evaluation
    • Quotes
    • Backslashes
    • More on Parameters
    • System Macros
    • Special Characters
    • Special {define} Processing
    • Parameter Prescan
    • Special Macros
• F. Calling Ingres Tools from Embedded QUEL
  • Using the CALL Statement
  • Ingres Tools and Parameters
    • Report
    • Sreport
    • RBF
    • QBF
    • Vifred
    • ABF
    • QUEL
    • IQUEL
    • Ingmenu
    • System

Introduction

System