Optimization does not necessarily need to be run whenever data is changed or added to the database. Optimization collects statistics that represent percentages of data in ranges and repetition factors. For instance, the statistics collected on employee gender show that 49% of the employees are female and 51% are male. Unless this percentage shifts dramatically, there is no need to rerun optimization on this column, even if the total number of employees changes.

For example, if you had run complete statistics on the empno column early in your company’s history, your repetition factor is correct because all employees still have unique employee numbers. If you used ranges of employee numbers in any way, as you added new employees your histogram information is less accurate.

If your company originally had 100 employees, 10% of the employees have employee numbers greater than 90. If the company hired an additional 100 employees, 55% of the employees have employee numbers greater than 90, but the original histogram information does not reflect this.

Columns that show this type of “receding end” growth and are used in range queries can periodically need to have optimization run on them (exact match on employee number is not affected, because the information that says all employee numbers are unique is still correct).

Even if the statistics are not up-to-date, the query results are still correct.