• QUEL Reference Guide
  • Introduction
    • In This Guide
    • Audience
    • Conventions
      • Query Languages
      • System-specific Text
      • Embedded QUEL Examples
  • Introduction to QUEL
    • Interactive QUEL
    • Embedded QUEL
  • QUEL Data Types
    • Object Names
    • Access to Objects Created Through SQL
    • Comment Delimiters
    • Data Types
      • Character Data Types
        • Char Data Type
        • C Data Type
        • Varchar Data Type
        • Text Data Type
      • Numeric Data Types
        • Integer Data Types
        • Floating Point Data Types
      • Date Data Type
        • Absolute Date Input Formats
        • Absolute Time Input Formats
        • Combined Date and Time Input
        • Date Interval Formats
        • Time Interval Formats
        • Date and Time Display Formats
      • Money Data Type
    • Binary Data Types
      • Byte Data Type
      • Byte Varying Data Type
      • Storage Formats of Data Types
    • Literals
      • String Literals
      • Numeric Literals
        • Integer Literals
        • Floating Point Literals
    • QUEL Constants
    • Nulls
      • Nulls and Comparisons
      • Nulls and Aggregate Functions
      • Nulls and Integrity Constraints
  • Elements of QUEL Statements
    • Operators
      • Arithmetic
      • Comparison
      • Logical
    • Operations
      • String Concatenation
      • Assignment
        • Character String
        • Numeric
        • Date
        • Null
      • Arithmetic
        • Default Type Conversion
        • Arithmetic Errors
        • Arithmetic Operations on Dates
    • Functions
      • Scalar
        • Data Type Conversion Functions
        • Numeric
        • String
        • Date
      • Aggregate
        • Aggregate Functions Using the Where and By Clauses
      • Ifnull
    • Qualifications
      • Comparison Operators
      • Partial Match Specification
      • Is Null Comparison
      • Clauses
      • Logical Operators
      • General Qualification
  • Embedded QUEL
    • Conventions Used in This Chapter
    • General Syntax of EQUEL Statements
    • Basic Structure of EQUEL Programs
    • Host Language Variables
      • Variable Declaration
      • Dereferencing Column Names
      • Scope of Variables
      • Include Statement--Include External Files
      • Indicator Variables
        • Retrieving Data Using Null Indicators
        • Setting Values Using Null Indicators
        • Detecting String Truncation Using Indicator Variables
      • Variable Usage and Dynamic Operation of EQUEL Statements
      • Param Statements
    • Data Manipulation with Cursors
      • Example of Cursor Processing
      • Declaring a Cursor
      • How You Open and Close Cursors
      • Open Cursors and Transaction Processing
      • Retrieving the Data
      • Fetching Rows Inserted by Other Queries
      • Using Cursors to Update Data
      • Using Cursors to Delete Data
      • Summary of Cursor Positioning
      • Dynamically Specified Cursor Names
      • Cursors and Retrieve Loops Compared
    • Transactions
      • Transaction Statements
      • Defining Transactions
      • Committing Transactions
      • Aborting Transactions
      • Savepoints and Partial Transaction Aborts
      • Interrupt and Timeout Handling in Transactions
      • Deadlock: Detection, Avoidance, and Handling
    • Program Status Information
      • The Inquire_ingres Statement
      • The Dbmsinfo() Function
    • Runtime Error Processing
    • Retrieve Statement
      • Using the Retrieve Statement Without a Loop
      • How the Sort Clause Works
      • Other Data Manipulation Statements
    • Repeat Queries
  • QUEL and EQUEL Statements
    • QUEL Release
    • Statement Context
    • Ingres Forms Statements
    • ABORT--Undo an MQT
      • Embedded Usage
      • ABORT Examples
    • APPEND--Add a Table Row
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • APPEND Examples
    • BEGIN TRANSACTION--Begin an MQT
      • BEGIN TRANSACTION Example
    • CALL--Call an Ingres Tool or the Operating System
      • Embedded Usage
      • CALL Examples
    • CLOSE CURSOR--Close an Open Cursor
      • Embedded Usage
      • CLOSE CURSOR Example
    • COPY--Copy Data
      • COPY Parameters
        • Unformatted Copying
        • Formatted Copying
        • Bulk Copying
        • Data File Format and Table Format
      • Column Formats for COPY
        • Character (Text) Formats
        • Counted Character Formats
        • Dummy Format
        • Binary Formats
        • COPY Format Details
        • Delimiters in the Data File
        • With Null Clause for COPY
      • Filename Specification
      • Windows File Types for COPY
      • VMS File Types for COPY
      • WITH Clause for COPY
      • Permissions
      • Locking
      • Restrictions and Considerations
      • COPY Examples
    • CREATE--Create a Table
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • CREATE Examples
    • DECLARE CURSOR--Declare a Cursor
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • DECLARE CURSOR Examples
    • DEFINE INTEGRITY--Define Integrity Constraints
      • Embedded Usage
      • DEFINE INTEGRITY Examples
    • DEFINE PERMIT--Add Table Permissions
      • DEFINE PERMIT Example
    • DEFINE VIEW--Define Virtual Tables
      • Considerations
      • DEFINE VIEW Example
    • DELETE--Delete Rows
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • DELETE Examples
    • DELETE CURSOR--Delete Cursor Row
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • DELETE CURSOR Example
    • DESTROY--Destroy Tables, Views, Permissions, Integrities
      • Embedded Usage
      • DESTROY Examples
    • ENDRETRIEVE--Terminate a Retrieve Loop
      • ENDRETRIEVE Example
    • END TRANSACTION--Terminate an MQT
      • Considerations
      • END TRANSACTION Example
    • EXIT--Terminate Database Access
      • Considerations
    • HELP--Display Help
      • Wildcards and Help
      • Permissions
      • HELP Examples
    • INCLUDE--Include an External File
      • INCLUDE Examples
    • INDEX--Index a Table
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • INDEX Examples
    • INGRES--Connect to a Database
      • Embedded Usage
      • INGRES Example
    • INQUIRE_INGRES--Get Diagnostic Information
      • INQUIRE_INGRES Example
    • MODIFY--Change Table or Index Properties
      • Storage Structure Specification
      • Modify...to Merge Option
      • Modify...to Relocate Option
      • Modify...to Reorganize Option
      • Modify...to Truncated Option
      • Modify...to Add_extend Option
      • With Clause Options
      • Embedded Usage
      • Permissions
      • Locking
      • MODIFY Examples
    • OPEN CURSOR--Open a Cursor
      • Embedded Usage
    • PRINT--Print Tables
      • PRINT Examples
    • RANGE--Associate Range Variables with Tables
      • Considerations
      • RANGE Examples
    • RELOCATE--Relocate Tables
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • RELOCATE Example
    • REPLACE--Replace Column Values
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • REPLACE Examples
    • REPLACE CURSOR--Update Column Values in a Table Row
      • Embedded Usage
      • REPLACE CURSOR Example
    • RETRIEVE--Retrieve Table Rows
      • Retrievals in Embedded QUEL
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • RETRIEVE Examples
    • RETRIEVE CURSOR--Retrieve Data into Host Variables
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • RETRIEVE CURSOR Examples
    • SAVE--Save Table Until Date
      • Embedded Usage
      • Considerations
      • SAVE Examples
    • SAVEPOINT--Declare Marker in an MQT
      • SAVEPOINT Example
    • SET--Set Session Options
      • Set Aggregate [no]project Option
      • Set Joinop [no]timeout Option
      • Set [no]journaling Option
      • Set Lockmode Option
      • Set [no]printqry Option
      • Set [no]qep Option
      • Set ret_into Option
      • Set [no]logging Option
      • Set [no]optimizeonly Option
      • Set [no]maxio Option
      • Set [no]maxrow Option
      • Set [no]maxquery Option
      • Session with on_error Option
      • Update_rowcount Option
      • SET Examples
    • SET_INGRES--Enable or Disable Runtime Attributes
  • A. Keywords
    • In This Appendix
    • Single Keywords
    • Double Keywords
    • ISO SQL
  • B. Terminal Monitor
    • Accessing the Terminal Monitor
    • Query Buffer
    • Terminal Monitor Commands
    • Messages and Prompts
    • Character Input and Output
    • Help
    • Branching
    • Restrictions
    • Terminal Monitor Macros
      • Basic Concepts
      • Defining Macros
      • Macro Evaluation
      • Quotes
      • Backslashes
      • More on Parameters
      • System Macros
      • Special Characters
      • Special {define} Processing
      • Parameter Prescan
      • Special Macros
  • C. Calling Ingres Tools from Embedded QUEL
    • Using the CALL Statement
    • Ingres Tools and Parameters
      • Report
      • Sreport
      • RBF
      • QBF
      • Vifred
      • ABF
      • QUEL
      • IQUEL
      • Ingmenu
      • System

QUEL Reference Guide

System