• Embedded SQL Companion Guide
•  1. Introducing the Embedded SQL Companion Guide
  • In This Guide
  • Audience
  • Contents
  • Enterprise Access Compatibility
  •  Conventions
    •  Statements and Commands
      • Terminology
      • Syntax
  • System-Specific Text
  • Related Manuals
•  2. Embedded SQL for C
  •  Embedded SQL Statement Syntax for C
    • Margin
    • Terminator
    • Labels
    • Line Continuation
    • Comments
    •  String Literals
      • String Literals and Statement Strings
    • The Create Procedure Statement
    • Sub-Processes in ESQL/C Programs
  •  C Variables and Data Types
    •  Variable and Type Declarations
      • Embedded SQL Variable Declaration Sections
      • Reserved Words in Declarations
      • Data Types
      • # Define Declaration
      • Variable Declarations Syntax
      • Type Declarations Syntax
      • Array Declarations Syntax
      • Pointer Declarations Syntax
      • Structure Declarations Syntax
      • Enumerated Integer Types
      • Varying Length String Type
      • Varying Length Binary Type
      •  DCLGEN Utility
        • language
        • dbname
        • tablename
        • filename
        • structurename
      • Indicator Variables
      • How to Declare External Compiled Forms
      • Embedded SQL/C Declarations Example
    • The Scope of Variables
    •  Variable Usage
      • Simple Variables
      • Array Variables
      • Pointer Variables
      • Structure Variables
      • Indicator Variables Usage
      • Varchar Variables for Logical Key Data Types
      • How Function Arguments are Declared
    •  Data Type Conversion
      • Runtime Numeric Type Conversion
      • Runtime Character Type Conversion
      • How Varchar is Used to Receive and Set Character Data
  •  The SQL Communications Area
    • The Include SQLCA Statement
    • Contents of the SQLCA
    •  Error Handling Using the SQLCA
      •  Error Handling with the Whenever Statement
        • condition
        • action
      • Whenever Goto Action In Embedded SQL Blocks
      • Explicit Error Handling
      • How to Determine the Number of Affected Rows
    • SQLSTATE Variable Usage
  •  Dynamic Programming for C
    • SQLDA Structure Usage
    •  How to Declare an SQLDA Variable
      • Dynamic Allocation of an SQLDA
      • Static Declaration of an SQLDA
    •  The SQLVAR Array
      • C Variable Type Codes
      • Character Data and the SQLDA
      • Binary Data and the SQLDA
      • Pointer Usage with C Variables
    • How to Set SQLNAME for Dynamic FRS
  •  Advanced Processing
    •  User-Defined Error, DBevent, and Message Handlers
      • How to Declare User-Defined Handlers
    •  User-Defined Data Handlers for Large Objects
      • ESQL/C Usage Notes
      • Data Handlers and the SQLDA
    •  Sample Programs
      • Handler
      • Put Handler
      • Get Handler
      • Dynamic SQL Handler
  •  Preprocessor Operation
    •  Include File Processing
      • Source Code with Labels
    •  Coding Requirements for Embedded SQL Programs
      • Comments Embedded in C Output
      • How Statements are Embedded Inside C If Blocks
      • Embedded SQL Statements that Do Not Generate Code
    •  Command Line Operations
      • esqlc Command – Invoke Embedded SQL Preprocessor for C
      • The C Compiler
    •  How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked—Windows
      • Programs Without Embedded Forms
      • Link Precompiled Forms
    •  How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked—UNIX
      • Programs Without Embedded Forms
      • Link Precompiled Forms
    •  How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked—VMS
      • Link Precompiled Forms
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked Without Shared Libraries
      • User-Written Embedded SQL Routines in Shareable Images
    • Embedded SQL/C Preprocessor Errors
  •  C++ Programming
    •  How to Create ESQL/C++ Programs
      • Program Comments
      • How Data is Declared
      • How to Transfer Data Between Programs and the Database
      • How to Declare Function Parameters
      • DCLGEN and ESQL/C++
      • Ingres Runtime Library Prototypes
      • 4GL Restriction
      • How to Create User-Defined Handlers
    • How to Build ESQL/C++ Programs
    • Sample ESQL/C++ Application
  • Preprocessor Error Messages
  •  Sample Applications
    • The Department-Employee Master/Detail Application
    • The Table Editor Table Field Application
    • The Professor-Student Mixed Form Application
    • The SQL Terminal Monitor Application
    • A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser
  •  Multi-Threaded Applications
    • Current Session
    • SQLCA Diagnostic Area
•  3. Embedded SQL for COBOL
  •  Embedded SQL Statement Syntax for COBOL
    • Margin
    • COBOL Sequence Numbers
    • Terminator
    • Labels
    • Line Continuation
    • Comments
    •  String Literals
      • String Literals and Statement Strings
    • The Create Procedure Statement
  •  COBOL Data Items and Data Types
    •  Variable and Type Declarations
      • Embedded SQL Variable Declaration Sections
      • Data Item Declaration Syntax
      • Reserved Words in Declarations
    •  Data Types
      • Alphabetic, Alphanumeric, and Alphanumeric Edited Categories
      • Indicator Data Items
      • Numeric Edited Data Category
      • Numeric Data Category—Windows and UNIX
      • Numeric Data Category—VMS
      • Record Declarations
      •  DCLGEN Utility
        • language
        • dbname
        • tablename
        • filename
        • structurename
      • How to Declare External Compiled Forms—Windows and UNIX
      • How to Assemble and Declare External Compiled Forms—VMS
      • Embedded SQL/COBOL Declarations Example
    • The Scope of Variables
    •  Variable Usage
      • Elementary Data Items
      • COBOL Tables
      • Record Data Items
      • Elementary Items from a Record
      • Indicator Data Items
    •  Data Type Conversion
      • Decimal Type Conversion
      • Runtime Numeric Type Conversion
      • Runtime Character and Varchar Type Conversion
  •  The SQL Communications Area
    • The Include SQLCA Statement
    • Contents of the SQLCA
    •  Error Handling Using the SQLCA
      •  Error Handling with the Whenever Statement
        • condition
        • action
      • Whenever Goto Action in Embedded SQL Blocks
      • Explicit Error Handling
      • How to Determine the Number of Affected Rows
    • SQLSTATE Variable Usage
  •  Dynamic Programming for COBOL
    • SQLDA Record Usage
    • How to Declare an SQLDA Record
    •  The SQLVAR Table
      • COBOL Data Item Type Codes
    • Pointer Usage with COBOL Data Items
    • How to Set SQLNAME for Dynamic FRS
  •  Advanced Processing
    •  User-Defined Error, DBevent, and Message Handlers
      • How to Declare User-Defined Handlers
      • Include User-Defined Handlers in the Micro Focus RTS—UNIX
    •  User-Defined Data Handlers for Large Objects
      • ESQL/COBOL Usage Notes
      • Data Handlers and the SQLDA
    •  Sample Programs
      • Handler
      • Put Handler
      • Get Handler
      • Dynamic SQL Handler
  •  Preprocessor Operation
    •  Include File Processing
      •  Include Files—Windows and UNIX
        • filename
      •  Include Files—VMS
        • filename
      • Source Code with Labels
    •  Coding Requirements for Embedded SQL Programs
      • Comments Embedded in COBOL Output
      • Embedded SQL Statements in IF and PERFORM Blocks
      • COBOL Periods and Embedded SQL Statements
      • Embedded SQL Statements That Do Not Generate Code
      • Efficient Code Generation
    •  Command Line Operations
      • esqlcbl Command – Invoke Embedded SQL Preprocessor for COBOL
    •  Source Code Format
      • Format Considerations—Windows and UNIX
      • Format Considerations—VMS
    •  The COBOL Compiler—Windows and UNIX
      • The COBOL Compiler—Windows Micro Focus Net Express
    •  The COBOL Compiler—VMS
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked without Shared Libraries
      • How to Place User-Written Embedded SQL Routines in Shareable Images
    •  How to Incorporate Ingres into the Micro Focus RTS—UNIX
      • How to Build an Ingres RTS without the Ingres FRS
      • How to Build an RTS with the Ingres FRS
      • How to Include External Compiled Forms in the RTS
    • Embedded SQL/COBOL Preprocessor Errors
  • Preprocessor Error Messages
  •  Sample Applications
    • The Department-Employee Master/Detail Application
    • The Table Editor Table Field Application
    • The Professor–Student Mixed Form Application
    • The SQL Terminal Monitor Application
    • A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser
•  4. Embedded SQL for Fortran
  •  Embedded SQL Statement Syntax for Fortran
    • Margin
    • Terminator
    • Labels
    • Line Continuation
    • Comments
    •  String Literals
      • String Literals and Statement Strings
    • The Create Procedure Statement
  •  Fortran Variables and Data Types
    •  Variable and Type Declarations
      • Embedded SQL Variable Declaration Sections
      • Reserved Words in Declarations
      • Variable and Type Declarations
      • Constant Declarations
      • Data Types
      • Structure and Record Declarations Syntax
      •  DCLGEN Utility
        • language
        • dbname
        • tablename
        • filename
        • structurename
      • Indicator Variables
      • How to Declare External Compiled Forms
      • Embedded SQL/Fortran Declarations Example
    • The Scope of Variables
    •  Variable Usage
      • Simple Variables
      • Array Variables
      • Structure Variables
      • Indicator Variables Usage
    •  Data Type Conversion
      • Ingres and Fortran Data Type Compatibility
      • Runtime Numeric Type Conversion
      • Runtime Character and Varchar Type Conversion
  •  The SQL Communications Area
    • The Include SQLCA Statement
    • Contents of the SQLCA
    •  Error Handling Using the SQLCA
      • Error Handling with the Whenever Statement
      • Whenever Goto Action in Embedded SQL Blocks
      • Explicit Error Handling
      • How to Determine the Number of Affected Rows
    • SQLSTATE Variable Usage
  •  Dynamic Programming for Fortran
    • SQLDA Structure Usage
    • How to Declare an SQLDA Variable
    •  SQLVAR Array Usage
      • Fortran Variable Type Codes
      • Pointer Usage with Fortran Variables
    • How to Set SQLNAME for Dynamic FRS
  •  Advanced Processing
    •  User-Defined Error, DBevent, and Message Handlers
      • How to Declare User-Defined Handlers
    •  User-Defined Data Handlers for Large Objects
      • ESQL/Fortran Usage Notes
      • DATAHANDLERS and the SQLDA
    •  Sample Programs
      • Handler
      • Put Handler
      • Get Handler
      • Dynamic SQL Handler
  •  Preprocessor Operation
    •  Include File Processing
      •  Include Files – UNIX
        • filename
      •  Include Files – VMS
        • filename
      •  Include Files – Windows
        • filename
      • Source Code with Labels
    •  Coding Requirements for Embedded SQL Programs
      • Comments Embedded in Fortran Output
      • Embedded SQL Statements and Fortran If Blocks
      • Embedded SQL Statements that Generate Labels
      • Embedded SQL Statements that Do Not Generate Code
    •  Command Line Operations
      • esqlf Command – Invoke Embedded SQL Preprocessor for Fortran
      • The Fortran Compiler
    •  How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked
      • Link Precompiled Forms
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked without Shared Libraries -VMS
      • How to Place User-written Embedded SQL Routines in Shareable Images -VMS
    • Embedded SQL/Fortran Preprocessor Errors
  • Preprocessor Error Messages
  •  Sample Applications
    • The Department-Employee Master/Detail Application
    • The Table Editor Table Field Application
    • The Professor-Student Mixed Form Application
    • The SQL Terminal Monitor Application
    • A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser
  • Sample Application Compiled with /float=ieee Flag (VMS)
•  5. Embedded SQL for Ada
  •  Embedded SQL Statement Syntax for Ada
    • Margin
    • Terminator
    • Labels
    • Line Continuation
    • Comments
    •  String Literals
      • String Literals and Statement Strings
    • The Create Procedure Statement
  •  Ada Variables and Data Types
    •  Embedded SQL/Ada Declarations
      • Embedded SQL Variable Declaration Sections
      • Reserved Words in Declarations
      • Data Types
      • Constants
      • Integer Data Types
      • Float Data Types
      • Long Float Storage Format
      • Character and String Data Types
      • Variable and Number Declaration Syntax
      • Simple Variable Declarations
      • Type Constraints
      • Formal Parameter Declarations
      • Number Declarations
      • Rename Variables
      • Type Declaration Syntax
      •  DCLGEN Utility
        • language
        • dbname
        • tablename
        • filename
        • recordname
      • Indicator Variables
      • How to Declare External Compiled Forms
      • Embedded SQL/Ada Declarations Example
    • The Scope of Variables
    •  Variable Usage
      • Simple Variables
      • Array Variables
      • Record Variables
      • Access Variables
      • Indicator Variables
    •  Data Type Conversion
      • Ingres Data Types and Corresponding Ada Data Types
      • Runtime Numeric Type Conversion
      • Runtime Character and Varchar Type Conversion
  •  The SQL Communications Area
    • The Include SQLCA Statement
    • Contents of the SQLCA
    •  Error Handling Using the SQLCA
      •  Error Handling with the Whenever Statement
        • condition
        • action
      • The Whenever Goto Action in Embedded SQL Blocks
      • Explicit Error Handling
      • How to Determine the Number of Affected Rows
    • SQLSTATE Variable Usage
  •  Dynamic Programming for Ada
    • The SQLDA Record
    • How to Declare an SQLDA Record Variable
    •  SQLVAR Array Usage
      • Ada Variable Type Codes
      • SQL Type Codes
      • Pointer Usage with Ada Variables
    • How to Set SQLNAME for Dynamic FRS
  •  Advanced Processing
    •  User-Defined Error, DBevent, and Message Handlers
      • How to Declare User-Defined Handlers
    •  User-Defined Data Handlers for Large Objects
      • ESQL/Ada Usage Notes
      • DATAHANDLERS and the SQLDA
    •  Sample Programs
      • Handler
      • Put Handler
      • Get Handler
      • Dynamic SQL Handler
  •  Preprocessor Operation
    •  Include File Processing
      • How to Include Variable Declarations
      • How to Include Package Specifications
    •  Coding Requirements for Embedded SQL Programs
      • Comments Embedded in Ada Output
      • Embedded SQL Statements that Do Not Generate Code
    •  Command Line Operations
      • esqla Command – Invoke Embedded SQL Preprocessor for Ada
      • The ACS Environment and the Ada Compiler
      • How to Enter Embedded SQL Package Specifications
      • How to Define Long Floating-point Storage
      • The Ada Compiler
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked
      • Link Precompiled Forms
      • How to Link Embedded SQL Programs without Shared Libraries
    • Embedded SQL/Ada Preprocessor Errors
  • Preprocessor Error Messages
  •  Sample Applications
    • The Department-Employee Master/Detail Application
    • The Table Editor Table Field Application
    • The Professor-Student Mixed Form Application
    • The SQL Terminal Monitor Application
    • A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser
•  6. Embedded SQL for BASIC
  •  Embedded SQL Statement Syntax for BASIC
    • Margin
    • BASIC Line Numbers
    • Terminator
    • Labels
    • Line Continuation
    • Comments
    • String Literals
    • Integer Literals
    • The Create Procedure Statement
    • Decimal Literals
  •  BASIC Variables and Data Types
    •  Variable Declarations
      • Embedded SQL Variable Declaration Sections
      • Reserved Words in Declarations
      • Data Types
      • Variable and Constant Declaration Syntax
      •  DCLGEN Utility
        • language
        • dbname
        • tablename
        • filename
        • recordname
      • How to Declare External Compiled Forms
      • Embedded SQL/BASIC Declarations Example
    • The Scope of Variables
    •  Variable Usage
      • Simple Variables
      • Array Variables
      • Record Variables
      • Indicator Variables
    •  Data Type Conversion
      • Ingres and BASIC Data Type Compatibility
      • Runtime Numeric Type Conversion
      • Runtime Character and Varchar Type Conversion
  •  The SQL Communications Area
    • The Include SQLCA Statement
    • Contents of the SQLCA
    •  Error Handling Using the SQLCA
      •  Error Handling with the Whenever Statement
        • condition
        • action
      • The Whenever Goto Action in Embedded SQL Blocks
      • Explicit Error Handling
      • How to Determine the Number of Affected Rows
    • SQLSTATE Variable Usage
  •  Dynamic Programming for BASIC
    • The SQLDA Record
    • How to Declare an SQLDA Variable
    •  SQLVAR Usage
      • BASIC Variable Type Codes
      • SQLDA Type Codes
      • Pointer Usage with BASIC Variables
    • How to Set SQLNAME for Dynamic FRS
  •  Advanced Processing
    •  User-Defined Error, DBevent, and Message Handlers
      • How to Declare User-Defined Handlers
    • User-Defined Data Handlers for Large Objects
    •  Sample Programs
      • Handler
      • Put Handler
      • Get Handler
      • Dynamic SQL Handler
  •  Preprocessor Operation
    •  Command Line Operations
      • esqlb Command — Invoke Embedded SQL Preprocessor for BASIC
      • esqlb Command Options
      • The BASIC Compiler
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked
      • Link Precompiled Forms
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked without Shared Libraries
      • User-written Embedded SQL Routines in Shareable Images
    •  Include File Processing
      • Source Code with Labels
    •  Coding Requirements for Embedded SQL Programs
      • Comments Embedded in BASIC Output
      • Embedded Statements Inside BASIC If Blocks
      • Embedded SQL Statements that Do Not Generate Code
    • Embedded SQL/BASIC Preprocessor Errors
  • Preprocessor Error Messages
  •  Sample Applications
    • The Department-Employee Master/Detail Application
    • The Table Editor Table Field Application
    • The Professor-Student Mixed Form Application
    • The SQL Terminal Monitor Application
    • A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser
•  7. Embedded SQL for Pascal
  •  Embedded SQL Statement Syntax for Pascal
    • Margin
    • Terminator
    • Labels
    • Line Continuation
    • Comments
    •  String Literals
      • String Literals and Statement Strings
    • The Create Procedure Statement
    • Decimal Literals
  •  Pascal Variables and Data Types
    •  Embedded SQL/Pascal Declarations
      • Embedded SQL Variable Declaration Sections
      • Reserved Words in Declarations
      • Data Types
      • Constants
      • Integer Data Types
      • Indicator Data Types
      • Floating-Point Data Types
      • Double Storage Format
      • Character Data Types
      •  Declaration Syntax
        • Enumeration Type Definitions
        • Subrange Type Definitions
        • Pointer Type Definitions
        • Varying Length String Type Definition
        • Record Type Definitions
        • Set Type Definitions
      •  The DCLGEN Utility
        • language
        • dbname
        • tablename
        • filename
        • recordname
      • Pre-declared Identifiers
      • Program Syntax
      • Procedures
      • Functions
      • How to Declare External Compiled Forms
      • Embedded SQL/Pascal Declarations Example
    • The Scope of Variables
    •  Variable Usage
      • Simple Variables
      • Array Variables
      • Record Variables
      • Pointer Variables
      • Indicator Variables
    •  Data Type Conversion
      • Ingres and Pascal Data Type Compatibility
      • Runtime Numeric Type Conversion
      • Runtime Character and Varchar Type Conversion
  •  The SQL Communications Area
    • The Include SQLCA Statement
    • Contents of the SQLCA
    •  Error Handling Using the SQLCA
      •  Error Handling with the Whenever Statement
        • condition
      • Whenever Goto Action in Embedded SQL Blocks
      • Explicit Error Handling
      • How to Determine the Number of Affected Rows
    • SQLSTATE Variable Usage
  •  Dynamic Programming for Pascal
    • SQLDA Record Usage
    • How to Declare an SQLDA Record Variable
    •  SQLVAR Array Usage
      • Pascal Variable Type Codes
      • Pointer Usage with Pascal Variables
    • How to Set SQLNAME for Dynamic FRS
  •  Advanced Processing
    •  User-Defined Error, DBevent, and Message Handlers
      • How to Declare User-Defined Handlers
    • User-Defined Data Handlers for Large Objects
    •  Sample Programs
      • Handler
      • Put Handler
      • Get Handler
      • Dynamic SQL Handler
  •  Preprocessor Operation
    •  Command Line Operations
      • esqlp – Invoke Embedded SQL Preprocessor for Pascal
      • esqlp Command Options
      • The Pascal Compiler
      • How Embedded SQL Programs are Linked
      • Link Precompiled Forms
      • How to Link Embedded SQL Programs without Shared Libraries
      • User-written Embedded SQL Routines in Shareable Images
    •  Include File Processing
      • Source Code with Labels
    •  Coding Requirements for Embedded SQL Programs
      • Comments Embedded in Pascal Output
      • Embedded Statements Inside Pascal If Blocks
      • Embedded SQL Statements That Do Not Generate Code
    • Embedded SQL/Pascal Preprocessor Errors
  • Preprocessor Error Messages
  •  Sample Applications
    • The Department-Employee Master/Detail Application
    • The Table Editor Table Field Application
    • The Professor-Student Mixed Form Application
    • The SQL Terminal Monitor Application
    • A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser

Ingres 10S

A Dynamic SQL/Forms Database Browser